Ngokuvamile, yiyiphi yezingane ezingagwema ukuqhuma okungajabulisayo, okuyinto enika izingane ngokukhululekile inkukhu. Isimo sengqondo salesi sifo sinezinto ezimbili - abanye omama bayesaba njengomlilo, abanye bajabule ngokuthi ingane ihlupheke njengengane futhi yathola ukuzivikela okungapheli (isithombe sezinkukhu kubantwana bheka ngezansi).
I-virus eyingozi enegama elihle le-Varicella-Zoster (VVZ), etholakale ngonyaka we-1958, lithinta umuntu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa inkukhu yenkukhu inzima nakakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi neminyaka ekhulile.
Iyini inkukhu yenkukhu (inkukhu inkukhu)
Igama lelesi sifo lifakazela ukuthi i-agent yayo ye-causative ihamba ngokukhululekile emoyeni nasemhlabeni lapho efuna khona. I-chickenpox yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa igciwane le-herpes. Njengoba azikhethele ngokwakhe inkosi, uhlala emzimbeni wakhe ukuze aphile. Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nesigamu njalo ngonyaka bagula ngenkukhu yenkukhu, i-90% yawo ingabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nambili. Ngokuvamile kaningi okuncane kakhulu ukuthi "kuthatha" ukutheleleka kwegciwane ezikhungweni zezingane - ngokubonakala okungenani oyedwa othwala i-VVZ esigabeni esicacile, ukugwema ukutheleleka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-chickenpox ezinganeni - kanjani ukutheleleka
Umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka akuwona ama-bubbles, njengoba abanye becabanga, kodwa amaconsi emisukini evela kumantanopharynx wengane egulayo. Yingakho, izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba izikhukhula zikhishwe esikhunjeni, ingane enesifo igciwane abangane bayo nxazonke. Uma ukhuluma, ngesikhathi semidlalo ehlanganyelwe futhi lapho nje egumbini elilodwa, igciwane lesiguli lifika emoyeni kuqala, bese lihlala ku-mucosa nasal, emlonyeni nabanye. Ngokugeleza kwegazi ne-lymph it ngokushesha isakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba futhi iqala ukwanda.
Phakathi namasonto e-1-3, lokhu yisikhathi eside isikhathi sokukhushulwa siqhubeka, i-agent ye-chickenpox causative ayimkhathazi ingane futhi ayizibonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njengoba unikezwe "ukungazitholi" kwegciwane, elisakazeka kalula kumgama wamamitha angu-20, ungenwa igciwane ngisho nangemigodi yokuphuza umoya. Umthombo wokutheleleka kungaba umuntu omdala ohlukunyezwa yi-shingles. I-agent causative yalesi sifo ne-varicella enye - i-herpes virus Varicella-Zoster.
I-chickenpox ezinganeni - izigaba zesigaba sesifo kanye nezimpawu
I-Varicella ezinganeni zenzeka ngezigaba eziningana, ezibonakala ngezibonakaliso zezici:
I-1. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kusukela ku-1 kuya kumaviki e-3 - kukhona ukuphindaphinda nokuqoqa igciwane ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle.
I-2. Isikhathi se-Prodromal - ezinganeni ezincane, kungenzeka ukuthi azikho noma zivele ngezibonakaliso ezingabalulekile. Lesi sigaba sigcina cishe usuku noma ngaphezulu futhi singazibonakalisa njengobanda obuvamile:
- Ukwandisa ekushiseni, ngokuvamile hhayi okuningi;
- ikhanda, ubuthakathaka;
- ukulahlekelwa isifiso, isicanucanu;
- Ukushushiswa emqaleni;
- kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke isikhathi esincane esifushane sezindawo ezibomvu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
I-3. Inkathi yezinsalela - njengomthetho, ehambisana nokuphakama okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa kuma-39-39,5 degrees. Ukubheka kubonisa ukuthi, ukufundwa kwe-thermometer ngosuku lokuqala, ukuhlukunyezwa okungaphezulu nokugqithisa kakhulu inkinga yesifo kuyoba. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngesimo esibucayi, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushisa kancane, noma ngisho ngaphandle kwayo, futhi uphawu olulodwa kuphela lwe-inkukhu isifo.
I-chickenpox ibonakala kanjani kubantwana (isithombe)
Ukuze ungalokothi uphazamiseke ukuxilongwa, ungaphuthelwa izimpawu zokuqala ezivela phambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi isifo esingathandeki sibonakala kanjani.
I-1. Yile ndlela isikhumba somntwana sibukeka ngayo ngosuku lokuqala lwesifo - izibhamu zibukeka njengezikhala zezinambuzane ezicasulayo.
I-2. Amachashazi asheshe abe ama-bubbles agcwele uketshezi obala, ongenqanyelwe isikhumba esibomvu. Kancane kancane, okuqukethwe kwabo kube nkulu, futhi baqhuma.
I-3. Lapho ama-bubbles eyomile, i-crust yakhiwa, okungenakunqunyulwa ngaphandle kwezimo.
I-4. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungabona zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwemifucuza - ama-specks, agcwele ama-bubbles, ama-crusts (bheka isithombe sezinkukhu ezincane ezinganeni ezingezansi).
Izici zokuqeda izingane ezinenkukhu
Ama-specks obomvu bokuqala afana nokuluma okumiyane futhi avele esihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma ngokushesha kunqoba izikhundla ezintsha, kusakazeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, bese kudlulela ebusweni nasekhanda. Ukubonakala kwesikhumba sishintsha ngokushesha - amachashazi abomvu aphenduka ama-vesicle agcwele amanzi, aphuma ngamahora we-8-10 futhi abangele ukuwashaza okungenakubekezela. Ngemva kwesikhashana, bayomisa bese beqedwa, kodwa kukhona konke okusha okuhamba ngomjikelezo ofanayo. Kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, ungabona zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kweziqhumane, kanti okunye okulandelayo kubangela ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa. Ama-vesicles, inani lawo elifinyelela ezingamakhulu amaningana ngisho nezinkulungwane, lingathinta izinambuzane ezinomlomo emlonyeni, izitho zangasese, amehlo, nasesimweni esibucayi, zimboze ngisho nezinyawo nezintende.
Inkathi yezinsalela ivela ku-4 kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-8, emva kwalokho ukuqala kokuqala kuqala. Ebonakala endaweni ye-bubbles, ama-crusts aphuzi abomvu awela cishe isonto, engashiyi lutho. Kodwa lokhu kuphela uma umama asiza ingane ukuba iphile esikhathini esibuhlungu kakhulu - ayizange ivumele ukulwa nokuthola isifo segciwane. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kwe-cortical layer kungaholela ekubukeni kwe "pockmarks", okungase kuhlale impilo. Izinsuku ezinhlanu emva kokubonakala kwebhula lokugcina ingane ibhekwa ukuthi ayigciwane, futhi ingathathwa ukuhamba.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu ezinganeni
Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-varicella akusikho, inkukhu yenkukhu ayiphenduli emithi elwa namagciwane kanye nemithi yokulwa ne-antibacterial. Usizo kumntwana oye wathatha igciwane elingathandeki, liqukethe umzabalazo ngokumelene nezimpawu zokugula:
- uma ikholomu ye-thermometer, ngokushesha futhi ngokuzethemba, iphakama ngaphezu kwamamaki ama-38, ingane kufanele inikezwe i-antipyretic - ibuprofen noma i-paracetamol;
Qaphela! I-aspirini ne-inkukhu yezinkukhu ayihambisani!
- hhayi ukuphoqa ingane ukuba idle ngamandla, kodwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuphuza okukhulu;
- ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwe-vesicles emisha nokuvimbela ukuba bangabikho;
- Ungasebenzisa i-green ukuthi idle kancane imifantu futhi ikuvumela ukuba ulawule ukubukeka kwamabhulebhu amasha. Isenzo esifanayo sinesixazululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate noma i-2-3% tincture ye-iodine;
- Uma umntwana ehlushwa kakhulu, cela udokotela ukuthi anikeze izidakamizwa zokulwa nezidakamizwa;
- isikhathi esinezimpawu ze-fever nokudakwa, ukuphumula kombhede kuyadingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu ezinganeni kusekhaya, kuphela uma kunezinkinga lapho udokotela anganikeza esibhedlela. Abazali kufanele basize izinyane ukuba libhekane nesimo esingathandeki, ukukhulula ukuhlupheka okubangelwa ukushona okuphazamisayo. Ochwepheshe banikeza izincomo eziwusizo, ezingenzima nakancane:
- Ifulethi kufanele libe lipholile, kanti ukunikezwa kokuthunga izithukuthuku kubi;
- ukugeza umntwana nge-chickenpox kuyadingeka kakhulu - amanzi aphuzile azokusiza ukuba angaboni, ngakho ungahlela ukugeza izikhathi eziningana emini. Kuphumelela kakhulu ukwengeza i-soda encane noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate emanzini - okokuqala kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale ukucheka, futhi okwesibili kuzokhipha amanxeba. Qaphela ngokusula, isikhumba kufanele senziwe kancane ngethawula elithambile;
- izingubo kufanele zenziwe ngezinto zokwakha zemvelo futhi zingahambisani nethole. Shintsha, njengendwangu yembhedeni, udinga nsuku zonke;
- Iiglavu ezikhanyayo ebusuku zivikela isikhumba esonakele somntwana ogulayo ekukhaleni. Uma ukutheleleka kungena ekilweni, inqubo yokuvuvukala ingase ivele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwesilonda kuzoqhubeka nokuphila. Umphumela ofanayo ulindelwe ukukhwabanisa kwe-crusts okwakhiwe - kumele bawawe;
- uma udokotela encoma amafutha e-antihistamine - uwasebenzise ngobumnene, esebenzisa kuphela ngqo ku-blister. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukudlula ngokweqile.
Ngosuku lwesithupha emva kokubonakala kwebhula lokugcina nengane, ungahamba ukuhamba. Akaseyona ingozi kwabanye, kodwa usenamandla kakhulu. Kungcono ukulibaziseka ngokubuya komfel 'ukholo ekhontini, kumnika ithuba lokuthola amandla futhi akhule.
Izindlela zokuvimbela inkukhu yezinkukhu ezinganeni
Ukugonywa kuyindlela enokwethenjelwa yokuvikela ngokumelene nenkukhu, kepha kwenziwa ngokucela kwabazali. Ngemuva kokugoma, ingane ivikelwe iminyaka eyishumi - ngokuvamile igwema ukutheleleka, noma lesi sifo siba nesimo esibucayi kakhulu. Omama abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhundleni sokugoma, kungcono ukuvumela ingane ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Kulokhu, bathi, ukugula kuzokwenzeka ngendlela elula, kanti ingane ethandekayo izothola ukuvikelwa okuqinisekisiwe kokuphila.
Noma kunjalo, imibono yabachwepheshe kule ndaba ihlukaniswe. Abaphikisi benqubo enjalo baphikisana ngokucacile ngesimo sabo: kukhona ingozi yangempela yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokugula kwezinsana, kanti igciwane le-herpes eliye lahlala emzimbeni wengane liyakwazi ukudala izibungu esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho abazali bazofanele benze isinqumo esifanele, emva kokulingisisa ngokucophelela yonke inzuzo neqhinga.
Engeza kumama onothi: Ucwaningo olufakazelayo: Izingane ze-100 ezigonywe i-90-95% azihlazi izinkukhu futhi zinamathuba ambalwa okuthola izinkampani esikhathini esizayo. Ama-5-10% asele angaphila, kodwa ngendlela elula kakhulu. Ubude bomgomo yi-10-20 iminyaka.
Ukuqapha Uma kukhona oxhumana naye wengane enomkhuhlane wezinkukhu ogulayo, unina unezikhathi ze-96 ukwenza isinqumo mayelana nokugoma okuphuthumayo. Kamuva, umgomo ngeke usize, futhi ingane cishe iqinisekiswe ukuthi igula.
Ezikhungweni zezingane, ukuhlukanisa indawo yokuhlukanisa izinkukhu kumenyezelwe ngosuku lwe-21.
Ngabe uDokotela uKomarovsky uthini mayelana nenkukhu yenkukhu?
Umbuzo ovame ukwenziwa nguDokotela okhathazekile ngabazali abathintekayo ngumphumela wokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esifubeni sezingane ezinezinkukhu. Impendulo kaJevgeny Komarovsky ayinakuqhathaniswa - ayikho ithonya lokuphefumula esenzweni esinjalo, i-zelenok isebenza kuphela njengenkomba yenkathi yokutheleleka. Nsuku zonke, ama-bubbles anezixazululo ezinesixazululo esinemibala, ngolunye usuku umama uyaqaphela ukuthi ayikho imfucuza emisha. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqala ukuhlaziywa kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zokugcina, lapho ingane ingaba yingozi kwabanye.
Udokotela idonsela ukunakekela abazali 'yokuthi igciwane lohlobo lwe, okuyinto Pox inkukhu ezinganeni, ayikho ngaphansi imiphumela kwamaphilisi kanye ngokuhamba ojwayelekile isifo akudingi amalungiselelo akhethekile. Kuphela ekukhuleni, lapho lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu, odokotela banquma izidakamizwa eziphikisayo. Iseluleko esiyinhloko uDkt. Komarovsky asinika omama abaye bagula:
- gwema ukufudumala, ukwandisa;
- Ngokushesha usike izipikili, uma kunesidingo, ugqoke amagilavu, ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi uphazamise ingane ukuba ingaboni ama-bubbles;
- Unganiki i-aspirin, ukuze ungabangeli izinkinga ezivela esibindi;
- ukuhlanganisa ama-blisters kuholela ekutheleleni kwebhaktheriya kanye namathuba okuthola impilo;
- inkukhu ikhukhumeza kakhulu imithwalo yokuzivikela, ngakho-ke emva kwalesi sifo kubalulekile ukugwema ukuvakashela inkulisa bese uchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuhamba.
Mayelana nokugoma, uKomarovsky uyabheka, abazali abanengqondo akufanele babe nezingxoxo. Kodwa-ke, ukhumbuza ukuthi ukugoma ngokumelene ne-varicella kuyinto yokuzikhethela, ngakho-ke omama nabazali kuyodingeka bazibophezele.