Ukukhwehlela kukaNasadny wengane ethandekayo, evame ukushaya ikhwelo nokushaya, ngokuqinisekile kwenza abazali bajabule, futhi hhayi ngeze. Phela, ukungazinaki kwakhe, "ukukhwehlela nokuyeka" kungakhathazeki, kungabangela imiphumela ebuhlungu. Izibalo ezidikibalazayo zibonisa ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokufa kwezingane kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-4-x yizona izinkinga ezinezifo zokuphefumula. Isizathu esivame kakhulu salokhu yi-pneumonia, evezwe njengenye yezinkinga ze-bronchitis. Ngakho-ke, ungahlanganyeli ekuzitholeni imithi noma ungakunaki ukukhwehlela, ukuze ungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuxhumana nodokotela.
Kuyini i-bronchitis?
Umuthi osakazekayo, onamagatsha amaningi namagatsha amancane, ungabona i-bronchi kwi-X-ray. Uma silandela allegories izimpande "isihlahla" kuyinto emphinjeni kanye nekhala, umgqomo - uqhoqhoqho amagatsha ezinkulu kanye nezincane, ukugcwalisa nezicubu wamaphaphu - ze- bronchi kanye ne-alveoli ukukhonza amahlamvu njengoba amancane. Elinegciwane bacterium namagciwane emoyeni, ukuthola lapho ukuphefumula emzimbeni, ngokuvamile kuqeda nabavoti enobungozi ku nasopharynx, okubangela rhinitis, pharyngitis noma namathansela.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulu uma umzimba ubuthakathaka, ama-microbes akwazi ukujula futhi abe imbangela ye-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia. Kulesi simo, ubuso obungaphakathi be-bronchi buvuvukala nezivumelwano, futhi ngokuphendula ukuvuvukala okuqala ukwakha inani elikhulu le-mucus. Ukuqeda, inkontileka ye-bronchi, ne-spasms ezenzekayo. Lapho kukhona izingxenye ezintathu - i-edema, inqwaba ye-mucus ne-bronchospasm - isifo sezingane esitholwa yi-bronchitis.
I-brronchitis ezinganeni - izinhlobo
I-brronchitis ingaba yinhloko uma inqubo yokuvuvukala iqala ku-bronchi, futhi isishukela esilandelayo, esihamba phambili, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo. Ngokuya kwesikhathi sezinkambo kanye nokuvama kwento, i-bronchitis yezingane ingahlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo ezintathu:
I-1. Okumangalisayo - lesi sifo sivela ku-10 kuya ezinsukwini ze-21. Lezi zinhlobo nazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuvimbela - nge-bronchial obstruction syndromes, izingane ezivela ku-2 kuya kwi-3 iminyaka cishe zihlupheka;
- i-bronchiolitis - ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchioles, izingane zigula ngunyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ingozi yokuthuthukiswa kwehluleka ukuphefumula, iphathwa kuphela esibhedlela.
I-2. Okuvamile - kathathu noma kane ngonyaka udokotela uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-bronchitis;
I-3. Okungapheli - uma iminyaka emibili okungenani kanye ngonyaka ingane ihlupheke isikhathi eside (kusukela ku-3-x izinyanga) i-bronchitis.
I-brronchitis ezinganeni ihlukaniswa futhi ngenxa yezizathu zayo:
- igciwane - izimbangela zesifo yizidakamizwa, i-influenza noma i-parainfluenza;
- amabhaktheriya - ama-pathogens: i-staphylococcus, i-chlamydia, i-streptococcus, induku ye-hemophilic, i-mycoplasma;
- ukugula - kubangelwa ithonya lemvelo yangaphandle: impova yembali, izinwele zezilwane, ukubhema ugwayi, amakhemikhali asekhaya, uthuli nokukhipha.
Izimpawu (izimpawu) ze-bronchitis ezinganeni
I-brronchitis ezinganeni ikhula kancane kancane, futhi izimpawu zayo zixhomeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Umehluko omkhulu walesi sifo kusuka kwabanye, uqhubeka nokukhwehlela, ukutholakala kokushisa nokuqhuma okwenyukayo. Izimpawu eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-bronchitis yabantwana:
- izinga lokushisa eliphezulu - kusuka ezigidini ze-37,5 ezingenakubalwa ukuze usabise abazali bezinkomba ze-thermometer 39⁰С;
- Ukungabi nesifiso;
- ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukulala;
- ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okungapheli;
- ukukhwehlela.
Kuye ngokuthi imbangela yokubonakala kwe-bronchitis, izimpawu ezengeziwe zingezwa.
I-bronchitis enhle ezinganeni
Ingxenye yesihlanu ye-bronchitis yabantwana yisifo esizimele esibangelwa ama-bacteria, ne-80% - ngenxa yemiphumela yegciwane noma izinkinga ze-bacterial nature ngemuva kokusungulwa kwazo. Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kungase kube ukuvuvukala kwephezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula ngobuthakathaka nomkhuhlane. Khona-ke ukukhwehlela owomile kuxhunyiwe, kancane kancane kuphenduke ngamanzi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngosuku lwesihlanu noma lwesithupha kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo futhi kuyisibonakaliso esiduduzayo - kusho ukuthi umzimba uhlangabezana ngempumelelo negciwane.
I-sputum eningi iba yivivinyo langempela labantwana - abakwazi ukuyihlakaza, bayigwinya kunokuba lingabangela ukuhlanza. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, izinga lokushisa lingaba yi-38-38,5 degrees, nakuba ngesimo esifanele sesifo singakwazi ukuhlala ezingeni lika-37-37,2 degrees. Ukuvuza nge-bronchitis ngempumelelo kuphulukiswa ngezinsuku ze-10-20, kodwa isikhathi sincike ekuhloleni kwesethi yezinyathelo ezikhethiwe kanye nesimo somzimba omzimba wengane. Uma ukwelashwa kungakaqalwanga ngesikhathi, noma umama uqobo uzama ukubhekana ne-bronchitis, izinkinga ezingavamile nezingozi zingenzeka.
I-bronchitis evimbela izingane
I-bronchitis evamile ayiyona emnandi kakhulu, njenganoma yisiphi isifo, kodwa ayinzima kakhulu futhi inika ekwelapheni ekhaya. Kuyinto enye into lapho ukuvinjelwa (ukugqama) kwe-bronchi kwengezwe. I-bronchitis evimbelayo isifo esivamile kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ngenxa ye-lumen encane kakhulu ye-bronchi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Cishe njalo lesi sifo sihlobene nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngaphandle kwezici zomzimba, izinto ezidingekayo ekubunjweni kokugula kuyisimo sokuziphendulela okweqile, isici esivame ukuguqula ukubhema. Ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kwalesi sifo kubambele abazali kuba nesimo sokuphazamiseka:
- ukukhwehlela okudakayo kwe-paroxysmal, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukuhlanza;
- ukuphefumula okukhulu nokugubha ngenhlabamkhosi;
- ukunyakaza komzimba okungavamile - nge-inhalation ngayinye isifuba siguqukile, futhi izikhala phakathi kwezimbambo zikhishwa.
Kukhona nezinye izimpawu, uma udinga ukuphuthuma usizo usizo kudokotela:
- ukubukeka kwe-dyspnea - ukuvama kokuphefumula kwanda okungaphansi kwe-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile. Kubantwana abancane kunawo wonke, kusukela eminyakeni eyodwa kuya kwemibili, inani lokuphefumula-ukuphefumula ku-bronchitis akufanele kube ngaphezu kwamashumi amane ngomzuzu. Kungcono ukubala ngenkathi umntwana elele, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhathazeka, ukudlala, noma ukukhala, umoya wokuphefumula ungahlotshaniswa nemizwelo;
- Ukwakhiwa kuhlanganiswa nokudakwa, okubonakala ngokufelwa yisisulu, imfiva, ubuthakathaka obukhulu nokuntuleka kwesifiso;
- izinzipho eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophahla lwama-nasolabial - lezi zibonakaliso zibonisa ukungeneli okwanele oksijini.
Ukubonisa ngokushesha udokotela kuya kudokotela kuyadingeka futhi lapho ukuvimbela kubonakala ingane engaphansi konyaka owodwa. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, cishe, udinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngokushesha, umama kufanele alungele lokhu. Kodwa noma ngabe i-bronchitis iqhubeka ngokuvumelana nesimo esivamile, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kukadokotela akufanele kunganakwa - uzolalela futhi ahlole imvuthu, alungise umthamo wemithi, unikeze izeluleko eziwusizo ekunakekeleni nasekwelapha.
Kubalulekile! Izivimbelo ezivame ukuholela ekuqaliseni kwe-asthma ye-bronchial, futhi ngaphansi kwesibindi se-bronchitis pneumonia singaphela!
I-allergic bronchitis enganeni
Lesi sifo senziwa kokubili ngaphansi kwethonya lama-bacterium kanye nama-virus, ikakhulukazi i-staphylococcus, futhi kungumphumela wokuhlaselwa kwezifo-impova, uthuli, uboya bamakati noma izinja. Ngesinye isikhathi kubantwana abancane kunzima ukuhlukanisa i-bronchitis yokugula ephuma ku-asthma, ngoba i-bronchospasm kuyo ayikucaci ngokucacile. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okuvame ukwenzeka ngokumelene nesimo sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba kanye nemizwelo emibi. Isikhumba ekuqaleni somile futhi sibuhlungu, kamuva singaba semanzi, futhi sihlabe umntanakho ebusuku. Ngokuvame ukushisa kuhlala kujwayelekile, ingane ihlukunyezwa kuphela ubuthakathaka nokukhukhumeza. Ukubuyiselwa kwesifo kungabuyekezwa kabili ngenyanga. Ubude besifo - kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya emavikini amathathu. Kuyisici ukuthi ingane ehlushwa, isibonelo, ukungezwani komzimba emthonjeni wakhe othandekayo, lapho ushiya endlini, zonke izibonakaliso zesifo zilahleka ngaphandle kokulandelela. Esikhathini sesithathu seziguli, i-bronchitis ye-allergen iyakwazi ukungena ku-asthma.
Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchitis ezinganeni
Iningi lomama liqinisekile ukuthi ngeke likwazi ukubhekana ne-bronchitis ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic. Eqinisweni, njenganoma isiphi esinye isifo segciwane, izidakamizwa ze-anticrobial for bronchitis azisebenzi. Zisebenza kuphela kwezinye izimo, okuzocatshangwa kamuva. Yini eyosiza ingane ukuba ibhekane nesifo?
I-1. Isiphuzo esiningi - isikhukhuni sincibilika futhi kulula ukusula, ngaphandle kokomisa ezindongeni ze-bronchi;
I-2. Antipyretics emazingeni okushisa ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees;
I-3. Umswakama ekamelweni lezingane kufanele okungenani ube ngu-70%, futhi izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule i-20-21 degree. Igumbi kumele lihlale liphuza umoya, ukuhlanzwa okumanzi kwenziwa, ama-humidifiers angasetshenziswa;
I-4. Umoya omusha wesiguli kudingekile. Esigabeni esiphuthumayo, ungathatha ingane emkhathini, ngisho noma kukhona ithuba, hlela ubuthongo bosuku kulo. Kamuva, lapho izinga lokushisa liphela, kuyasiza ukuthatha ingane ngaphandle kokuhamba ngezinyawo.
I-5. Imithi ehlanza i-sputum iphinde ikhuthaze ukuhoxiswa kwayo, kufanele iqoke udokotela. Iqiniso lokuthi kuphela uyakwazi ukuba acabangele zonke izici eziyingozi. Isibonelo, ama-mucolytics enza i-phlegm encane kakhulu futhi abambe iqhaza ekuhoxisweni kwawo, angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu izingane kuze kube seminyaka emibili - azikwazi nje ukuqeda inani elikhulu le-mucus, futhi liqoqa emaphashini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhogele okudingekayo - onquma udokotela, bese ukhetha imithi okufaneleka kakhulu kunokunye.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-bronchitis kuzinhlobonhlobo ezintathu:
- ukuqeda ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu;
- ukususwa kwe-edema ye-bronchi nokuhlanzwa kwabo ku-sputum;
- silwe negciwane.
Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula kufakazela inani elikhulu lomswakama oqoqiwe. Kulolu daba, udokotela, onikezwe iminyaka yobudala wengane, ubeka inhalation, izinqubo ze-physiotherapy, ukusikhipha umzimba. Umama angasiza ingane ukufudumala ukucindezela, ukufudumala ngosawoti noma buckwheat. I-compress isiza ngamafutha afudumele we-sunflower - idinga ukugcoba i-gauze, icindezela futhi ibeke eceleni kwesifuba nangemuva kwengane. Gcoba phezulu nge-cellophane, ungqimba lwengubo yekotini bese ufaka nge-bandage noma izingubo zokugqoka. Ukucindezela kangcono ebusuku futhi kuphela lapho kungekho khona umkhuhlane.
Ukuqapha I-Gorchikniki namabhange ayenqatshelwe ukuthi izingane zingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, futhi uma kunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu!
Udokotela uzokhetha iphakethe lezinyathelo eziphumelelayo kakhulu, futhi umama uzolandela ngokuqinile izincomo zakhe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-bronchitis ezinganeni
Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kulungile futhi kudingekile. Udokotela ubeka lezi zidakamizwa uma:
- ukushisa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezine;
- I-sputum yomsindo ikhona;
- Ngokwemvelo yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhashana kanye nokwelashwa kwengane, ukushisa okusha okubukhali kugxuma futhi kuveza izimpawu zokudakwa;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukuthi kukhona inqubo yokuvuvukala.
Ngokuvamile ama-antibiotics anqunywe ukuba aqhube izinyanga eziyisithupha, ehlushwa yi-bronchiolitis, nezingane ezinezibonakaliso ze-bronchitis ye-bacteria.
Ukuvimbela i-bronchitis ezinganeni
Noma yikuphi ukugula kuhlale kungcono ukuxwayisa, kunokuba eside futhi ubuhlungu ukuphatha. Kunezimiso ezilula ezizosiza ukugwema isifo esingajabulisi nesinye isikhathi esiyingozi:
- ekamelweni lapho umntwana ekhona, ukubhema akumukeleki;
- Uma kunokwenzeka, zama ukuqapha umswakama womoya egumbini bese uvimbela ukubonakala kwamakhaza abukhali kuwo;
- tempering ingane, hhayi coddle kuye, ukuletha isifo SARS esiphansi;
- qapha ukuhlinzekwa kokuphefumula okuvamile, ukulwa nekhala elide elide. Uma udokotela itusa adenoidectomy - kufanele ulalele izincomo;
- Ukuphumula kwezingane eziphezulu futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba olwandle kukhuthaza ukuqiniswa komzimba nokubeka umgoqo ngaphambi kwezifo ezingathandeki.
Yini uDkt. Komarovsky athi mayelana ne-bronchitis ezinganeni
Ku-99% yamacala, i-bronchitis yintsholongwane yegciwane, okwelashwa okungadingi ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane. Futhi i-1% kuphela i-bronchitis ye-bacterial, esitatimendeni sokuxilongwa okungeke kwenzeke ukwenza iphutha. I-bronchitis evamile iphathwa ngokujwayelekile - isiphuzo esifudumele, ukuphumula kombhede, ukudla izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Imfuno eyinhloko ukungavumeleki kokuzivocavoca, imithi edingekayo kumele inqunywe udokotela. Umphumela wesifo kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela yizenzo ezithile zabazali, kanti ukwelashwa kudokotela kufanele kube ngesikhathi esifanele.