I-insulin yi-hormone elawula i-carbohydrate metabolism. Inesibopho sokuguqula amandla we-carbohydrate yokudla abe amandla omzimba. Ukukhiqizwa okungafanele kwaleli hormone kuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose futhi kukhuphula amazinga kashukela wegazi - okungaba yingozi empilweni.
Esimweni lapho umzimba we-insulin emzimbeni ukhubazeka (okwenzeka kwisifo sikashukela mellitus), umuntu udinga imijovo ejwayelekile yenguqulo yokwenziwa kwehomoni. Ungayifaka kanjani i-insulin kahle - ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla futhi kungcono kuphi ukuyenza?
// Yini isibhamu se-insulin?
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela yaziwa isintu isikhathi esingaphezu kwenkulungwane, indlela esebenza ngayo insulin yacaca kuphela ngawo-1920s. Ngo-1954, ukwakheka kwe-molecule yayo kwatholakala, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yokujova kwaqala ngawo-1980s.
Ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate, ushukela wegazi uyakhuphuka - osebenza njengesibonakaliso kuma-pancreas ukuqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Ingena egazini futhi izinamathele emangqamuzaneni - empeleni, ivumela ushukela ukungena ngaphakathi.
Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, umzimba womuntu awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele - edinga imijovo. Futhi, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokukhiqiza ngokweqile kwe-insulin kanye nokwehla kwamandla esenzo salo - kulokhu, ukwethulwa kwehomoni yokwenziwa nakho kuyadingeka.
// Funda kabanzi:
- i-insulini - ibhekene nani futhi isebenza kanjani?
- isifo sikashukela - izibalo kanye nemininingwane yama-dummies
- amazinga kashukela egazini ajwayelekile
Ngingawaphuza amaphilisi?
Isifo sikashukela singenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu (futhi eziyingozi empilweni), futhi i-insulin yi-hormone ecwaningiwe kakhulu. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-insulin yokujova yethulwa ngonyaka we-1980s, futhi njengamanje kunomsebenzi osebenzayo ekwenziweni kwe-hormone emaphilisi.
Kodwa-ke, ubunzima buhlala eqinisweni lokuthi i-insulin yi-hormone yesimo samaprotheni. Uma ingena esiswini, izobhujiswa inqubo yokugaya. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinkampani ezihola amakhambi zihlola izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuletha i-insulin emzimbeni - kufaka namaphilisi.
Izindlela zokulethwa kwe-insulin
Indlela yendabuko yokuletha i-insulin emzimbeni imijovo ngesirinji. Ama-syringes ayahluka ngesilinganiso se-insulin aqukethe kanye nosayizi wenaliti. Zenziwe ngeplastiki futhi kufanele zilahlwe ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.
Isirinji esenziwe ngopeni siyindlela entsha yokusebenzisa i-hormone. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengento elula futhi esebenza kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokujova, ipeni lesirinji kufanele liqhume ngaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuthi ungafakwanga umjovo - kufanele ubone ukuphonsa kwenhlonhlo yenaliti.
Kala umthamo odingekayo we-insulin, bese ufaka inaliti esikhunjeni - ubambe ipeni yesirinji imile, hhayi engela. Cindezela inkinobho yomjovo, ubale kancane ukuya ku-10, bese ususa insimbi esikhunjeni sakho.
Udinga ukujova kuphi?
I-insulin ifakwa ngenjumbana - ngokunembile, kungqimba lwamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi inaliti yomjovo iza ngefushane. Uma i-insulin ifakwe intramuscularly, umzimba uyowungenisa masinyane kakhulu futhi ngeke ube nesikhathi sokuthinta izinga kashukela wegazi - ngaphezu kwalokho, umjovo onjalo unobuhlungu obukhulu.
Uma imijovo ye-insulin idingeka kaningana ngosuku, kunconywa ukuyifaka ezindaweni ezihlukile - ngaphandle kwalokho i-lipodystrophy kungenzeka. Lesi simo sibonisa ukwephulwa kokuxineka kwezicubu ze-adipose kanye nokuvela kokungahambisani nezinhlamvu.
1. Belly
- Isisu sithathwa njengendawo enhle kakhulu yemijovo ye-insulin. Kulokhu, ligxiliswa ngokushesha ukungena kwegazi. Khetha indawo ephansi kwezimbambo kanye nesifunda se-pubic, uvikele indawo eyi-2cm ezungeze inkaba.
2. AmaHips
- Enye indawo enhle yokujova i-insulin ethangeni elingaphezulu elingaphezulu, elingaba ngu-10 cm ngaphansi kwesiqalo samathanga nangu-10 cm ngaphezu kwedolo.
3. Amahlombe
- Lapho ufaka i-insulin ehlombe elingaphezulu, gwema izindawo ezizungeze izibazi, izimvukuzane noma amabala esikhumba angaphazamisa ukumunwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni.
4. Amabhokisi
- Qaphela ukuthi kunzima impela ukufaka i-insulin ebhokisini uwedwa. Kunconywa futhi ukugwema izindawo ezingezansi, eziphezulu nezindawo eziphakathi nendawo.
Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step
Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokujova i-insulin, qiniseka ukuthi inosuku elifanele lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Uma ngabe iqandisiwe, ilethe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Uma ibhodlela linamafu, nyakazisa okuqukethwe ngobumnene.
- Lungiselela amathuluzi wokujova... Uma usebenzisa isirinji ejwayelekile, uzodinga isirinji uqobo lwayo, inaliti, ibhulukwe likotini, kanye nokuxubha utshwala. Izandla kufanele zigezwe kahle ngensipho nangamanzi.
- Sula indawo yomjovo... Usebenzisa i-swab yekotoni ecixwe otshwaleni, sula indawo yomjovo nge-insulin.
- Kala umthamo wakho we-insulin... Kala umthamo we-insulin oyidingayo.
- Thatha isibaya sesikhumba... Faka kancane isikhumba namafutha phakathi kwesithupha sakho nesandule sangaphambili. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukujova emisipha.
- Faka inaliti esikhunjeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi isirinji iphelele esikhunjeni futhi i-engele yomjovo ayishintshi. Qiniseka ukuthi inaliti ifakwe ngokuphelele esikhunjeni, bese uyawujova.
- Cindezela phansi esizeni somjovo ngesandla sakho... Ngemuva kokuqeda umjovo, cindezela kancane leli phuzu ngesandla sakho imizuzwana emi-5 - 10 - kepha ungeke wasikaza isayithi lomjovo futhi ungenzi ukunyakaza okujikelezayo.
Ukujova i-insulin - ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla?
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kuyehluka kuye ngomuntu kuya kumuntu, kuya ngamazinga kashukela egazini, amazinga omzimba, kanye nobunzima bezinga lesifo sikashukela. Abanye abantu badinga imijovo emithathu ngosuku - abanye munye. Izincomo zedosi zitholakala kangcono kudokotela wakho.
Futhi, udokotela uzokweluleka ukuthi iyiphi i-insulin okufanele uyisebenzise - kunezinhlobo eziningi:
- Ukwenza Ngokushesha - uqala ukwenza cishe imizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva komjovo, bese umsebenzi uthatha amahora amathathu kuya kwane. Imvamisa umjovo ngaphambi kokudla.
- Ukwenza okufushane - le insulin iphinde iphathwe ngaphambi kokudla. Kuqala ukusebenza imizuzu engama-30-60 ngemuva komjovo futhi kusebenza amahora amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
- Isenzo esiPhakathi - kuthoma ukusebenza amahora angama-1-2 ngemuva komjovo; umsebenzi ungahlala kusuka emahoreni ayi-14 kuye kwangama-16.
- Isenzo sesikhathi eside - lizibonakalisa egazini amahora amabili ngemuva kokuphathwa, futhi umphumela ungahlala amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu.
Imiphumela Yecala
Uma kungenwa i-insulin eningi, i-hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi kakhulu) kungenzeka. Umphumela ofanayo nawo kwenzeka uma umuntu ebamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo noma ehlisa inani lama-carbohydrate adliwayo.
Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zifaka ukukhathala, isikhumba esimile, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo (kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo), ukukhuphuka kokujuluka, ukubanjwa nokuqaqanjelwa. Ukumisa isenzo somjovo we-insulin, abanesifo sikashukela belulekwa ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi baphathe ama-15 g ama-carbohydrate alula, anjengoshukela.
***
Imijovo ye-insulin iyindlela yokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini kushukela. Kubalulekile ukunquma umthamo odingekayo kanye nohlobo lwe-insulin ngokubonana nodokotela wakho. Uzokutshela nokuthi kungcono nini ukujova i-hormone yokwenziwa - ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla.
Imithombo yesayensi:
Source: nqeven.ru
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- Umlando we-Insulin, i-Biochemistry, i-Physiology ne-Pharmacology, umthombo
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