Kawirikawiri, ndi ndani mwa ana amene angapewe kukhumudwa kosasangalatsa, komwe kumapatsa ana nkhuku. Maganizo a matendawa ndi awiri - amayi ena amawopa ngati moto, ena amakondwera kuti mwanayo anavutika ngati mwana ndipo anapeza chitetezo chosatha (chithunzi cha nkhuku ana akuwona pansipa).
Vuto loopsa lomwe lili ndi dzina labwino la Varicella-Zoster (VVZ), lomwe lapezeka m'chaka cha 1958, limakhudza munthu pa msinkhu uliwonse, koma nkhuku yambiri imakhala yovuta zaka zachinyamata komanso okhwima.
Kodi nkhuku ndiyani (nkhuku pox)
Dzina la matendawa limasonyeza kuti causative nthumwi ntchentche mlengalenga ndi kumalo kumene iye akufuna. Chickenpox ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amayambitsa matenda a herpes. Popeza adzisankha yekha kukhala mbuye, amakhala mu thupi lake kuti akhale ndi moyo. Anthu oposa milioni imodzi pachaka amadwala ndi nkhuku, ndipo 90% ndi ana osakwana zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Kaŵirikaŵiri kawirikawiri ang'onoang'ono ndi ovuta "kunyamula" matenda a tizilombo m'mabungwe a ana - pooneka ngati chotengera chimodzi cha VVZ panthawi yovuta, kupeŵa matenda ndi kovuta kwambiri.
Chickenpox kwa ana - kodi matendawa ndi otani
Gwero lalikulu la matenda sizithunzitsa, monga ena amaganizira, koma madontho a ntchentche kuchokera kumsana wa mwana wodwala. Ndicho chifukwa chake, masiku awiri musanafike pakhungu, mwana yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amachititsa abwenzi ake kumbali yake. Pakulankhula, pamaseŵera amodzi komanso pamene mu chipinda chimodzi, kachilombo ka wodwala kamalowa mlengalenga, kenako nkukhazikika pamphuno mumphuno, pharynx ndi pakamwa pa ena. Ndi kutuluka kwa magazi ndi mitsempha imathamangira mthupi lonse ndipo imayamba kuchuluka.
Pa masabata a 1-3, izi ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe makulitsidwe amatha, nkhuku yotchedwa causative agent sichisokoneza mwanayo ndipo sichisonyeza yokha. Chifukwa cha "chizoloŵezi" cha kachilomboka, kamene kamakula mosavuta pamtunda wa mamita makumi awiri, mukhoza kutenga kachilomboka kudzera m'mabowo a mpweya wabwino. Gwero la matenda akhoza kukhala wamkulu yemwe akudwala shingles. Causative wothandizira matendawa ndi varicella ndi mmodzi - herpes HIV Varicella-Zoster.
Chickenpox mwa ana - magawo a matenda ndi zizindikiro
Varicella mwa ana amapezeka m'magulu angapo, omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro:
1. Nthawi yosakaniza kuchokera ku 1 kupita ku masabata a 3 - pali kuchulukitsa ndi kusungira kachilombo popanda mawonetseredwe akunja.
2. Nthawi ya Prodromal - mwa ana aang'ono, mwina sangakhalepo kapena zimachitika ndi mawonetseredwe osafunika. Gawo ili limatha pafupi tsiku kapena pang'ono kwambiri ndipo likhoza kudziwonetsera lokha monga ozizira wamba:
- Kuwonjezeka kutentha, kawirikawiri osati mochuluka;
- kumutu, kufooka;
- kusala kudya, kunyoza;
- Kuzunzidwa pammero;
- zikhoza kukhala zochitika zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mawanga ofiira m'madera ena a thupi.
3. Nthawi ya misomali - monga lamulo, limodzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa madigiri 39-39,5. Zowonetseratu zikusonyeza kuti, kupitirira kwa kuwerenga kwa thermometer tsiku loyamba, kupweteka kwambiri komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa kudzakhala. Nthawi zina, mofatsa, matendawa amatha kutuluka pang'ono kutentha, kapena ngakhale popanda, ndipo chizindikiro chokha cha nkhuku ndi chiwombankhanga.
Kodi nkhuku ya nkhuku imawoneka bwanji kwa ana (chithunzi)
Kuti musaganize ndi matenda, osaphonya zizindikiro zoyamba, ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti matenda osasangalatsa amawoneka bwanji.
1. Izi ndi momwe khungu la mwana limayang'ana tsiku loyamba la matenda - ziphuphu zimawoneka ngati zilonda za tizilombo zosasangalatsa.
2. Mawanga amadzakhalanso mabvuu odzaza ndi madzi ofiira, omwe ali malire ndi ubweya wa khungu. Pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zili mkatizo zimakhala zowonongeka, ndipo zikuphulika.
3. Pamene thovu zikuwuma, kutumphuka kumapangidwira, komwe sikungatheke kuchotsedwa.
4. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mukhoza kusunga magawo onse a chitukuko cha mitsempha - zida, zodzaza ndi ming'oma, ziphuphu (onani chithunzi cha nkhuku ana omwe ali pansipa).
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa ana omwe ali ndi nkhuku
Mitengo yoyamba yofiira imafanana ndi ululu wa udzudzu ndikuwonekera pa thunthu. Komabe, ziphuphu zimagonjetsa mofulumira malo atsopano, kufalikira m'manja ndi miyendo, kenako zimadutsa kumaso ndi khungu. Maonekedwe a khungu la khungu amasintha mofulumira - madontho ofiira amatembenukira kukhala vesicles odzaza madzi, omwe amayamba maola a 8-10 ndikuchititsa kuyabwa kosatha. Pakapita kanthawi, amauma ndi kuwonongeka, koma pali zonse zatsopano zomwe zimayenda mofanana. Mu gawo lirilonse la thupi, mutha kuona nthawi zonse za chitukuko cha rashes, ndipo zonsezi zimayambitsa kutentha kutentha. Zovala zapamwamba, zomwe zimafikira mazana angapo kapena zikwi zambiri, zimatha kukhudza mazira a pakamwa, ziwalo zoberekera, maso, ndi milandu yoopsa, kuphimba ngakhale zidutswa ndi mitengo ya palmu.
Nthawi ya rashes imatha kuchokera ku 4 mpaka masiku a 8, pambuyo pake kuyambiranso kumayamba. Kuwonekera m'malo mwa ming'alu, chikasu cha bulawuni chimagwa pafupifupi sabata, osasiya chilichonse. Koma izi ndizopokha ngati amayi athandiza mwanayo kupulumuka nthawi yowawa kwambiri - sanalole kuti asakanike ndi kulowa mu chilonda. Kuyamba kusanayambe kwa malo osanjikiza kungachititse kuoneka kwa "pockmarks", zomwe zingakhalebe ndi moyo. Patangotha masiku asanu kuchokera kuoneka kwa bululu womaliza, mwanayo amawoneka kuti sali opatsirana, ndipo akhoza kutengedwera kuyenda.
Kuchiza kwa nkhuku kwa ana
Chithandizo chapadera cha varicella sichiripo, nkhuku pox imayankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi antibacterial. Thandizo kwa mwana yemwe watenga kachilombo kosasangalatsa, ndikumenyana ndi zizindikiro za matenda:
- ngati chingwe cha thermometer, mofulumira komanso molimba mtima, chiposa pamwamba pa madigiri a 38, mwanayo ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala ophera antipyretic - ibuprofen kapena paracetamol;
Chenjerani! Aspirin ndi nkhuku sizimagwirizana!
- kusamukakamiza mwana kuti adye mwa mphamvu, koma kuti apereke mowa kwambiri;
- mosamala kuyang'ana maonekedwe a vesicles atsopano ndi kuwaletsa kuti asamenyane;
- Mungagwiritsire ntchito zobiriwira zomwe zimatsitsa pang'ono mitsempha ndipo zimakulolani kuti muwongole maonekedwe atsopano. Zomwezo zimakhala ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a potaziyamu permanganate kapena 2-3% tincture wa ayodini;
- Ngati mwanayo akuvutika kwambiri, funsani dokotala kuti azilamula mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- kwa nthawi ndi zizindikiro za malungo ndi kuledzera, mpumulo wa mphasa ndi wofunika.
Kuchiza kwa nkhuku kwa ana kuli pakhomo, pokhapokha pali mavuto omwe adokotala angapereke kuchipatala. Makolo ayenera kuthandizira mwanayo kuthana ndi vuto losasangalatsa, kuthetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwake. Akatswiri amapereka malangizo othandiza, omwe sali ovuta nkomwe:
- Nyumbayi iyenera kukhala yozizira, ndi kugawa kwa kuyamwa thukuta ndi koipa;
- kusamba mwanayo ndi nkhuku ndi kofunika kwambiri - madzi ozizira amathandiza kuti asaswe, kotero mutha kukonza kusamba kangapo patsiku. Ndizowonjezera kuwonjezera soda pang'ono kapena potsimikiza potassium permanganate kumadzi - yoyamba imathandiza kuchepetsa kuyabwa, ndipo yachiwiri idzaumitsa mabala. Samalani ndi kupukuta, khungu liyenera kuthiridwa pang'ono ndi thaulo lofewa;
- Zovala ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zachilengedwe ndipo zisamamvere ng'ombe. Sinthani, monga nsalu ya bedi, muyenera tsiku ndi tsiku;
- Magetsi a magetsi usiku ateteze khungu lowonongeka la mwana wodwalayo kuti asatuluke. Ngati kachilombo kamalowa m'londa, njira yotupa ikhoza kuchitika ndipo, chifukwa chake, chilonda chidzapitirira moyo. Chotsatira chomwecho chimayang'ana kuchokera ku chikoka chokankhidwa cha zidazo - ziyenera kugwa okha;
- ngati dokotala akulangiza mafuta oletsa antihistamine - gwiritsani ntchito mofatsa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kwa blister. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa kupitirira koopsa.
Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pa kuwoneka kwa bululu wotsiriza ndi mwana, mukhoza kupita ku kuyenda. Iye salinso wowopsa kwa ena, koma akadali wofooka kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuchedwa ndi kubwerera kwa wofera pang'ono ku sukulu yamakono, kumupatsa mpata wowonjezera mphamvu ndikukula mwamphamvu.
Njira zothandizira kuteteza nkhuku kwa ana
Katemera ndi njira yodalirika yotetezera nkhuku, koma imachitidwa pothandizidwa ndi makolo. Pambuyo katemera, mwanayo amatetezedwa kwa zaka khumi - iye amapewa matenda, kapena matendawa amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Amayi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti m'malo mochita katemera, ndibwino kuti mwanayo atenge kachilombo ka msinkhu. Pankhaniyi, akuti, matendawa adzachitika mosavuta, ndipo mwana wokondedwa adzalandira chitetezo chotsimikizika pa moyo.
Komabe, maganizo a akatswiri pa nkhaniyi agawidwa. Otsutsa njira imeneyi amatsutsana ndi malo awo moyenera: pali vuto lenileni la mavuto pamene ali ndi matenda a ana, ndipo kachilombo ka herpes kamene kamakhazikika m'thupi la mwana amatha kuyambitsa mabomba mtsogolo. Choncho makolo ayenera kupanga chisankho choyenera, atatha kufufuza mosamala zonse zabwino ndizopweteka.
Onjezani ku zolemba amayi: afufuze umboni wosatsutsika: Ana a 100 omwe amatemera 90-95% samakhala ndi nkhuku ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wodzitcha mtsogolo. Zina zotsalira 5-10% zingathe kupulumuka, koma mu mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa katemera ndi zaka 10-20.
Chonde chonde! Ngati pali chiyanjano cha mwanayo ndi wodwala nkhuku, mayiyo ali ndi maola a 96 kupanga chisankho cha katemera wofulumira. Pambuyo pake, katemera sungathandizire, ndipo mwanayo watsimikizika kuti adwala.
M'mabungwe a ana, kudzipatula kwa nkhuku kumalengezedwa tsiku la 21.
Kodi Dokotala Komarovsky anena chiyani za nkhuku?
Funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi makolo omwe ali ndi vutoli ndi zotsatira za zobiriwira pa matenda a ana omwe ali ndi nkhuku. Yankho la Yevgeny Komarovsky ndi losavuta - palibe curative kwenikweni kuchokera kuchitapo, zelenok akutumikira kokha ngati chizindikiro cha nthawi ya matenda. Tsiku lirilonse, kutsekemera kwa mafuta kumakhala ndi mankhwala a mtundu wina, tsiku lina Amayi amadziwa kuti palibe zitsamba zatsopano. Kuchokera nthawi ino kumayamba masiku otsiriza a masiku asanu, pamene mwana akhoza kukhala owopsa kwa ena.
Dokotala amauza makolo kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamakhala koyambitsa ana, sichimayendera ma antibayotiki ndipo sichimafuna kukonzekera mwapadera pa nthawi ya matendawa. Ndikomwe ali wamng'ono, pamene matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Waukulu malangizo omwe Dr. Komarovsky amapereka kwa amayi omwe agwa matenda ndi:
- kupewa kutentha kwambiri, kuwonjezereka;
- Posakhalitsa kudula misomali, ngati kuli kotheka, valani magolovesi, mu njira iliyonse yomwe ingasokonezere mwanayo kuti asatenge ming'oma;
- Musapereke aspirin, kuti musapangitse chiwindi ku chiwindi;
- Kuthamanga kwa mitsempha kumayambitsa matenda a bakiteriya ndi mwayi wa zotsatira za moyo;
- nkhuku imapweteka kwambiri chitetezo, kotero chitatha matendawa ndikofunika kuti musayambe kuyendera sukulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yochuluka.
Ponena za katemera, Komarovsky akuona, makolo oganiza bwino sayenera kukambirana. Komabe, akukumbutsa kuti katemera motsutsana ndi varicella ndi mwaufulu, choncho amayi ndi abambo ayenera kutenga udindo wawo.