Tonsefe timakhulupirira mwamphamvu kufunikira kwamaphunziro, kuti maphunziro abwino amatitsegulira zitseko zambiri, kuti mukamadziwa zambiri, momwe mungathere Makolo ofunitsitsa amayamba kukonzekera ana awo ku koleji pasadakhale, nthawi zina kuchokera ku kalasi yoyamba. Osachepera chifukwa kuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa NTCHITO mumayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chachikulu.
Funso limodzi lidakalipo: nanga bwanji ndi zonsezi? M'dziko lathu losinthasintha, gawo la mkango la chidziwitso cha sukulu silikufunikanso. Ndipo pangophunzira maphunziro apamwamba - lero sikutsimikiziranso kukhala bata kapena ntchito yabwino.
Kodi sukulu iyenera kuchita chiyani pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za nthawiyo, komanso chofunika kwambiri kwa ana?
Lyudmila Petranovskaya akuwonetsa omwe akusowa sukulu komanso pamene kusintha kwa maphunziro kukuchitika.
Chiphunzitso cha chinyengo
Nchifukwa chiyani tikusowa sukulu? Chabwino, poyambira, kwa ife ndi ndani? Makolo, ana, aphunzitsi, boma, anthu? Chabwino, ngati mayankho onsewa ndi ofanana kwambiri. Ndipo ngati iwo amathamangira kunja mosiyana? Zikuwoneka kuti kwa ife tsopano.
Koma tiyeni tikambirane za ana, lero ndi mawa. Ana, ziribe kanthu zovuta, akuyembekeza (ndi gulu lina lotsatira, choonadi) kuti sukulu idzawaphunzitsa - ndi kuphunzitsa chinthu chofunikira ndi chofunikira pa moyo wamtsogolo.
Pomwepo pali mafunso. Ndanena kanthawi kapitako mu chilankhulo chimodzi chomwe 90% cha chirichonse chimene sukulu imaphunzitsa sikofunika m'moyo. Poyankha, panali chisokonezo chokwiya, makamaka kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi. Monga, ndi motani momwe, chidziwitso ndi chofunikira ndi chofunikira, ndipo muyenera kudziwa zambiri ndi bwino. "Iwe ukhoza kukhala Chikomyunizimu pokhapokha ngati iwe ukulitsa kukumbukira kwako ndi kudziwa chuma chonse chimene anthu apanga" (VI Lenin). Izi mu ubwana wathu pa khoma lililonse la sukulu linalembedwa, ubongo unalembedwa. Wolemba wamkulu wakulakwira mtundu wa "pathos stupidity pakhoma." Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mmalo mokhala mu laibulale, adakwera galimotoyo.
Koma tiyeni tizitenge mozama. Kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kusukulu ndi wophunzira wabwino mutu, koma osati kuonera nkhani, zinthu popanda kukulitsa mavuto (mavuto maphunziro, nkhondo ndi aphunzitsi, ndi zina zotero. N.)? Ine ndikudziwonetsera ndekha, ine sindiri kukhulupirira zamatsenga. Ndili ndi chitsanzo chotero, mungathe kunena, misonzi yoyera - ubale wanga ndi zipangizo za sukulu. Kukhala ambiri wophunzira pafupifupi kwambiri, sindinadziwe ngati umagwirira ndi samadziwa (sindikudziwa chifukwa chake, kaya sayansi kapena masamu, izi sizinali). Pa nthawi yomweyo, mphunzitsi wathu Anna S. chinali chozizwa wake wokondedwa ndi onse: achifundo kwambiri, zowopsya, ndi nthabwala ndipo anali nthawizonse ndine wokondwa kuwona onse, kaya tikhale ndi zimapangidwira. Yemwe ankafuna kuti_ngatenge kuchokera kwa iye chirichonse, ophunzira ake anapambana Olimpiki ndipo analowa mu yunivesite yapamwamba kwambiri. Ndinasangalalira kupita ku kampu ya chemistry kuti ndikayankhule ndi iye ndi anyamata, ngakhale kuti sindinkadziwa zambiri. Pa kuona komaliza, ine mwamphamvu adapachikidwa laboratorke losavuta (zikomo, anathandiza), ndi sulfuric asidi kupanga mkombero, ine ndinati, chifukwa ndinamva - kukumbukira.
Ndikufuna kumvetsetsa zambiri zamagetsi mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, zokambirana za kuchotsa matayala ndi zipangizo zoyenera zingakhale zosangalatsa. Kapena nkhani yokhudza zomwe zimachitika mukakophika ndikudya chakudya.
Chimene ine tsopano, pa 30 ndi zaka zoposa zochepa, ndikukumbukira ndikudziwa kuchokera ku kemistri? Ponena za tebulo nthawi zonse, ndimamvetsetsa momwe zimakhazikidwira komanso chifukwa chake ndizozizira. About molecule-valency. Mpaka pano, makemisi ambiri ankandikonda ine, chifukwa analidi physics. Zoonjezeranso zosasintha. Zomwe zili ndi asidi, alkali ndi mchere, komanso zowonjezera. Ponena za kusiyana pakati pa organic ndi chilengedwe - mwachidziwikire. Ndipo chinachake chokhudza njira, chiwerengero cha mole ndi Avogadro, koma ngati ndiyang'ana pa Wikipedia, ndikufulumira kuzilingalira. Ndimamvetsa bwino momwe sopo ndi ufa wophika zimagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake dzira limaswedwa. Mwanjira imeneyi. Zoonadi, sindingathe kulemba chilichonse chogwiritsira ntchito makina awiri, ndipo sindingathe kuthandiza ana ndi ntchito za kusukulu.
Tsopano ndikudziwa kuti izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo Anna Sergeyevna anali mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri, yemwe anatha kupereka lingaliro lalikulu ndikufotokozera mfundo zazikulu kwa wophunzira yemwe sakonda phunzirolo. Koma. Kukhala woona mtima, kodi chiwerengero cha pulogalamuyi ndi chiyani? (Osati malinga ndi zofunikira, maola ndi malemba a mabuku)? Ndikuganiza 10 ndi. Kodi mumatenga nthawi yochuluka bwanji kuti mudziwe zambiri? Malingaliro anga ndi maola oposa 20-30. Ndizomveka kuti amadziwa zomwe ayenera kukumbukira pamoyo komanso ali ndi kanthu koti azichita. Mwamtheradi.
Ndiye ndiri ndi funso: chifukwa chiyani china chirichonse? Chifukwa chiyani chaka cha 4 maphunziro awiri pa sabata (iyi ndi nthawi 8-10 zambiri)? N'chifukwa chiyani kuyambira kwa sulfuric acid kupanga n'chifukwa? Nchifukwa chiyani panali mazana a ntchito ndi kusintha, kuchokera kumtundu wina umene ndinayamba kutayika? Nchifukwa chiyani kuvutika ndi kugona usiku usanayambe kuyeza, ndikugwedeza mutu wanga "kupyolera mwa ine sindingakhoze" 90% yonse?
Komabe, ndikufuna kumvetsetsa zambiri zamagetsi m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kusiyana ndi sopo ndi ufa wophika. Mwachitsanzo, zokambirana za kuchotsa matayala ndi zipangizo zoyenera zingakhale zosangalatsa. Kapena nkhani yokhudza zomwe zimachitika mukakophika ndi kudya chakudya - kuchokera kumalo opangira makina. Kapena ponena za momwe zimakhudzira thupi la munthu ndi chilengedwe, zomwe zimapanga mankhwala ndi zamoyo. Ndipo ngakhale panthawiyi nkhaniyi inkawonekera pa bolodi, koma sinafunikire kuphunziridwa ndi kubwezeretsedwera pazowonongeka. Ndikuthokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwalawa. Sindikanakumbukirebe chotupitsa chopanda pake, kuchokera pazigawo zina zosamvetsetseka zomwe zimakhala kunja ndipo mkati mwake palizomwe zimakhala zofunikira komanso tanthauzo. Ndipo mwinamwake maola makumi asanu ndi awiri ndikadadziponya ndekha.
Chofunikira kwambiri cha 10% mwa ana ambiri sichikhala pamutu mwawo, chokwanira, chodzaza ndi zochulukirapo, chokongoletsedwa ndi zonyansa ndi zowawa.
Ndicho chimene ndikutanthauza pamene ndikunena kuti zambiri zomwe zili m'mapurogalamu a sukulu sizikwaniritsa zosowa za ophunzira. Iye sali kwa iwo. Ndiko chifukwa chakuti zinali bwino kuti sukulu yamakono iphunzitse aliyense mofanana, kupanga akatswiri abwino a zankhondo ndi mafakitale ndi omwe apita "kuti apereke chikonzero chakumva kwa wina aliyense.
Chofunika kuti "aliyense ndi chirichonse kuti adziwe momwe ayenera kukhalira" ndi chotheka pokhapokha mwa chinyengo. Chabwino, mukudziwa, tikuchita sukulu yapamwamba, timasankha anthu anzeru kwambiri komanso olimbikitsa pa mpikisano ndipo tidzakasuntha mopanda umulungu, ubongo wolimbawo udzakhala wolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa monga munthu wopanda chidziwitso cha ichi ndi ichi, komabe, monga amayi anga adanenera, "miyezi milioni." Chokani kwa ankhondo kuti "onse ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira" ufulu wosankha okha "wophunzira" ana - ndi onse oyenda panyanja. Zonse ndi zonse sizingaphunzire popanda chiwawa ndi / kapena kutsanzira.
Vuto lalikulu sikuti 90% sikufunika. Ndi nkhani ya momwe munthu aliyense amatsanulira pamutu pake kuti akhale ndi moyo - sichidziwika pasadakhale ngati kuli kofunikira. Ziri zoipiraipira kuti 10% yofunikira kwambiri mwa ana ambiri sakhalabe pamutu pawo, iwo ali ochepa, okhutira ndi zochulukirapo, okondweretsedwa ndi zonyansa ndi zopweteka. Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chosamvetsetseka ndi chosokoneza chomwe muyenera kudziponyera musanayambe kufufuza, kupirira, ndikudontheza ndi mpumulo.
Anthu atatu mwa anthu atatu atsopano m'mayunivesite othandizira (ndi mabungwe apamwamba a maphunziro apamwamba) sangathe kufotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake 3 x 4 = 4 x 3. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakumbukira zolemba za kusintha malo a multipliers, koma pempho loti liwonetsetse kuti limakhala nthawi yaitali. Zoposa theka zimavuta kufotokoza chifukwa chake kuli nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe. Kapena chifukwa chiyani kupatukana kwa mphamvu mu boma n'kofunikira. Ana ozolowereka omwe adadutsa ntchito. Kumakumbukira tani ya zinthu zonse, nthawi zambiri kuvulaza thanzi lawo ndi chitukuko.
Choncho, ngati tikukamba za chidziwitso, ndibwino kuti sukulu iphunzitse zambiri pazinthu zambiri, koma chinthu chachikulu pa chinthu chachikulu. Koma izi zimaphunzitsa aliyense, ndi njira iliyonse yomwe ilipo. Pamaso, pa zala - monga mukukondera, koma zinthu zofunika ziyenera kumvetsa bwino chirichonse. Musangodziwa, koma mutha kufotokozera ndikuthandizira wina, kuti musagwiritse ntchito kuthetsa mavuto muyeso, koma mmoyo weniweni: kuwerengera kukula, kulingalira kuchuluka kwake, kuyerekeza ndi kutsimikizira zoona, pangani malangizo omveka bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maola ochuluka amene atulutsidwa angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomwe munthu ali nazo chidwi ndi zomwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri. Padzakhalabe nthawi yophunzila chinachake osati za zinthu, koma za iwe mwini. Inde, izi sizigwirizana ndi dongosolo lozikidwa pa kalasi lomwe lapangidwa m'zaka za 17-th century. Ndipo sichigwirizana ndi ziyeneretso za aphunzitsi ambiri a lero, zomwe pempho limodzi lokha: kuchotsa zipangizo za ana ndikuwafotokozera kuti ayenera kukhala chete ndi kumvetsera kwa ife. Ndipo tidzachita zokhazo zomwe tingathe ndikuzoloŵera.
Funso la zomwe zilipo komanso kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu sizomwe zili zofunika kwambiri. Zomwe zachitika posachedwapa: kulembera ndemanga - osati kulembera, ndibwino kumagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuipa, mukufunikira makanema apakompyuta kapena ayi. Sukulu ikuzunzidwa ndi "kusintha kwakukulu" kosasintha ndi kopanda pake komwe sikulola kuti tiyimire ndikuyang'ana mmbuyo. Ndipo ndi nthawi yothera, kusiyana pakati pa maphunziro ndi moyo kumakula, kumawopseza. Ndili nthawi yochuluka yoganizira zinthu zofunika komanso zofunikira, monga cholinga cha maphunziro: kwa yemwe ali, chifukwa cha chiyani.
Pa njira yomwe "sukulu yamphamvu" ya Soviet inagwira ntchito ndipo "mphamvu" lero ikugwira ntchito, mphunzitsi wabwino makamaka wansembe wa chidziwitso. Pano pali Great Literature kapena Stunning Physics, yomwe munthu amamukonda komanso amadziwa. Ndipo ophunzira ake ali ziwiya zomwe chuma ichi chikhoza kuikidwa, kuti iwo azinyamula ndi kupitirira. Kotero kuti musataye chirichonse chofunika panjira, Mulungu asalole. Ana pano, ndi malingaliro awo abwino, njira yokhayo. Buku la Not Tolstoy ndilo lomwe timalankhula ndi mwanayo, kuti amvetse bwino moyo wake komanso iyeyo bwino, ndipo mwanayo ndi amene akufunika kubweretsa mbiri ya buku la Tolstoy kuyamikira.
Kusintha kwenikweni kwa maphunziro kudzachitika pamene wophunzirayo akukhala ndi cholinga. Ngakhale nzeru zake, maluso ndi luso, koma iye mwini.
Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti palibe cholakwika ndi izi, chifukwa sukulu ndi chikhalidwe cha kufalitsa chikhalidwe kwa anthu, chifukwa chopanga chinenero chimodzi mmalo mwa anthu, chikhalidwe chimodzi cha chikhalidwe. Koma izi zimachokera ku malo owonetsera anthu komanso aphunzitsi amphamvu. Ndipo ana samafuna kukhala njira. Iwo sakonda izi. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo amayamba kusakonda Tolstoy kapena physics.
Komanso, aphunzitsi ambiri alibe kukoma kapena chikhalidwe chokwanira kuti asakwiyitse ana, kumene sitima zabwino zokwanira zimatuluka zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi msinkhu wa chuma. (Tsopano tikutenga mabakiteriya a ogwira ntchito za maphunziro, omwe ana palibe ofunika, kapena kudziwa, koma kuti mabwana adzakhale okwanira.)
Inde, pakhala pali aphunzitsi kulikonse omwe sanapatse chuma kwa ana, koma anafika kwa ana, kuphatikizapo kugawa chuma. Koma iwo anali kusankha kwawo, kusankha kwawo, ndipo nthawizonse ankaima kusukulu. Mu "sukulu" yamakono komanso yovomerezeka amapeza kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri. Chimodzimodzi ndi hafu ndikugwiritsira ntchito izi sizigwirizana.
Ngakhale ngati tilankhula za zomwe sukulu idzakhala ya ana, ndiye izi. Kukumana ndi mwanayo ndi aphunzitsi komanso ndi iye mwini. Ndipo ndi chuma, ndithudi, koma mu malo ogonjera, osati mu gawo la chotengera.
Kusintha kwenikweni kwa maphunziro kudzachitika pamene wophunzirayo akukhala ndi cholinga. Ngakhale nzeru zake, maluso ndi luso, koma iye mwini. Pamene adzakonzekera ndi njira yake yophunzitsira, zolinga zake ndi zolinga zake. Fufuzani mphamvu zake ndi zofooka ndi kuphunzitsa momwe mungagwirizanitse mphamvu ndi mphamvu za anthu osiyanasiyana kuti apindule zambiri mu timu. Koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kukambirana ndi kuthetsa kusamvana, ndipo izi ziphunzitsanso.
Mu sukulu kumene mwana - cholinga sibwino kuti 'mwachita - sanachite bwino - si zabwino, "". Achita izo mwanjira ndinkafuna ndipo kupewedwa kuchita bwino, ndipo amene ati kuchita mosiyana lotsatira "ndipo
Ndi wophunzira sangalankhule zomwe akufuna, koma zomwe akufuna komanso zomwe angathe. Za momwe mungagonjetsere "simukufuna" ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire kulephera. Mmene mungapiririre nsanje kwa anthu omwe ali ndi luso komanso otsutsa omwe sangakwanitse. Musachite mantha kuti musonyeze maganizo anu ndikugwira ntchito kudziko, momwe mungavomereze kutsutsidwa. Pakati pake padzakhala kukambirana zomwe akuwerenga kapena kuyang'ana tsopano, pa zomwe amalira kapena kuphwanya mutu wake, osati zomwe zilipo tsopano "malinga ndi pulogalamuyi."
Mu sukulu kumene mwana - cholinga sibwino kuti "anapanga - sanatero, pomwe - cholakwika" ndi "achita izo mwanjira ndinkafuna ndipo kupewedwa kuchita bwino, ndipo amene ati kuchita mosiyana lotsatira." Mu sukulu yotereyi, popanda mavuto, ana angaphunzire mosamalitsa moyandikana wina ndi mzake, ndipo kulembedwa kumatha kukhala mawu achinyengo okhudza chuma cha bajeti. Chifukwa aphunzitsi sangawasinthe ana ku bar, koma kuika ndi kutenga slats nawo, ndi mwana aliyense kapena gulu lirilonse. Ndipo ndi momwe, ku sukulu Mwachibadwa amaukira kapena kuitana okha ansembe wa Chidziwitso Great ndi chikhalidwe kwambiri kuti ana ena pantchito youza nawo utumiki wawo ndi kuphunzira maulendo oposa osachepera kuvomerezedwa. Ndipo ena onse ali ndi ufulu wotsitsa mapewa awo ndikupita ku bizinesi yawo.
Ndipo ngakhale mu sukulu yotereyi ndizotheka kubwerera kenaka kukaphunzitsa chinachake. Zomwe tsopano tazindikira kuti popanda moyo uno suli wathunthu. Bwanji osadutsa madzulo anthu akuluakulu omwe akufuna kumaliza kumvetsa zomwe ziripo ndi logarithms izi, kapena kudziwa solfeggio?
Polemba, ndikuwopsya ngati akufuna kupita ku sukulu yoteroyo. Ndipo pali lingaliro losokoneza maganizo lomwe, mbali imodzi, liri kutali kwambiri, pamtundu wina - ngati kuti ali pafupi kwambiri.
Source: ihappymama.ru