Ukukhwehlela kwe-Nasadny yomntwana othandekayo, ngokuhlala ephethe umkhwelo kunye nokuqhuma, ngokunyanisekileyo kubangela abazali ukuba bathuke, kwaye kungenanto. Emva koko, ukunyaniseka kwakhe, "ukukhwehlela kunye nokuyeka," kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Izibalo eziphazamisayo zibonisa ukuba imbangela ebalulekileyo yokufa kwabantwana ukuya kwi-4-x iminyaka yilezi zixazululo kunye nezitho zokuphefumula. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sale nto yi-pneumonia, evelele njengenye yeengxaki ze-bronchitis. Ngako oko, ungazibandakanyi kwiyeza okanye ungayithobeli ingqungquthela, ukuze ungaphutheli ixesha lokudibana nogqirha.
Yintoni i-bronchitis?
Umthi osasazekayo, onamagatsha amaninzi namasebe amancinci, unokubona i-bronchi kwi-X-ray. Ukuba silandela njengobuxoki iingcambu "umthi" yeyona emqaleni kunye impumlo, i umphanda - uqhoqhoqho, amasebe ezinkulu nezincinane, ezizalisa ijwabu kwemiphunga - le bronchi kunye alveoli bakhonza namagqabi abancinane. AboSulelwe iintsholongwane iintsholongwane kunye nomoya, ukufumana xa ukuphefumla emzimbeni, amaxesha amaninzi ubani ayeke kumalungu enobungozi nasopharynx, ebangela nokuthimliswa, pharyngitis okanye tonsils.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba umzimba unobuthakathaka, iiphilisi ziyakwazi ukujula kwaye zibangele i-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia. Kule meko, indawo yangaphakathi ye-bronchi ikhula kunye nezivumelwano, kwaye ngokuphendula ukuvuvukala okuqala ukudala inani elikhulu le-mucus. Ukuyichitha, inkontileka ye-bronchi, kunye ne-spasms ezenzekayo. Ekubeni kukho izinto ezintathu - i-edema, ininzi ye-mucus kunye ne-bronchospasm-isifo sesifo sezingane esasifumene ne-bronchitis.
I-brronchitis kubantwana - iintlobo
I-brronchitis ingaba yiprayimari xa inkqubo yokuvuvukala iqala kwi-bronchi, kwaye isibini, i-measle ehambayo, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo. Ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kwekhosi kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo kweziganeko, i-bronchitis yabantwana ingahlukaniswa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:
1. I-Acute - isifo sisuka kwi-10 ukuya kwii-21 iintsuku. Ezi ntlobo ziquka:
- Ukuvavanya - kunye ne-bronchial obstruction syndromes, abantwana abavela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 iminyaka banokuhlupheka;
- bronchiolitis - ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchioles, iintsana zigula ngunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Ingozi yokuphuhliswa kwephutha lokuphefumula, iphathwa kuphela esibhedlele.
2. Ukuphindaphinda - kathathu ukuya kwesine ngonyaka ugqirha ufumanisa i-bronchitis;
3. Isifo esingapheliyo - ukuba iminyaka emibini ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ngomntwana sele ehluphekile (kwiinyanga ze-3-x) i-bronchitis.
I-brronchitis kubantwana ibalwa kwaye ngenxa yezizathu zayo:
- intsholongwane - izibangela zesifo zi-adenovirus, i-influenza okanye i-parainfluenza;
- iintsholongwane ze-bacteria: i-staphylococcus, i-chlamydia, i-streptococcus, intonga ye-hemophilic, i-mycoplasma;
- zokwalana - kuvela kwimiphumo zizinto zangaphandle: umungu, iinwele yezilwanyana, umsi, iikhemikhali nendlu, uthuli nomusi zeemoto.
Iimpawu (iimpawu) ze-bronchitis kubantwana
I-brronchitis kubantwana ikhula kancane, kwaye iimpawu zayo zixhomekeke kwisifo sesifo. Uhlobo oluphambili lwale ngxaki evela kwabanye, ukuqhuba ukukhwehlela, kukukho kubushushu kunye ne-sputum eninzi. Izibonakaliso ezibalaseleyo ze-bronchitis yabantwana:
- ukushisa okuphezulu - ukusuka kwii-37,5 ezingama-degrees ezingabonakaliyo ukusabazali abazali beenkcukacha ze-thermometer 39⁰С;
- Ukungabi nesidlo;
obuthakathaka obunzima, ubuthongo;
- ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okungapheliyo;
- ukukhwehlela.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimbangela yokubonakala kwe-bronchitis, iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zingongezwa.
I-bronchitis eqhelekileyo kubantwana
Omnye-sesihlanu labantwana nephika sisifo ozimeleyo, esibangelwa ziibhaktheriya, kwaye 80% - ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni iintsholongwane okanye iingxaki iintsholongwane lomlinganiswa emva intshayelelo zabo. Ukuqala kwesi sifo kunokutshabalala kwiphepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula ngobuthathaka kunye nomkhuhlane. Emva koko umkhuhlane owomileyo uxhunyiwe, ngokukhawuleza uguquka ube ngumanzi. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngomhla wesihlanu okanye wesithandathu ukusuka ekuqalekeni kwesi sifo kwaye luphawu oluthuthuzayo-lithetha ukuba umzimba uphelele ngempumelelo intsholongwane.
I-sputum eninzi iyaba vavanyo lokwenene kubantwana - abakwazi ukuyikhupha, bayayigwinya kunokuba babangele ukuhlanza. At ekuqaleni kwesi sifo kunokuba izidanga lobushushu 38-38,5, nangona sibi esi sifo kakhulu unako ukuba bahlale degrees 37-37,2. elibaleka ngempumelelo iimpiliso bronchitis iintsuku 10-20, kodwa ixesha ixhomekeke ukuchaneka iseti ekhethiweyo amanyathelo kunye nemeko amajoni omzimba wosana. Ukuba unyango aluqalanga ngexesha, okanye uMama wodwa uzama ukujamelana ne-bronchitis, iingxaki ezingenakulinganiswa neziyingozi zinokwenzeka.
I-bronchitis evimbela abantwana
I-bronchitis eqhelekileyo ayiyinto enomdla kakhulu, njengaluphi na ukugula, kodwa ayinzima kwaye inika unyango lwekhaya. Yinto enye into xa ukukhutshwa (ukunciphisa) kwe-bronchi kwongezwa. I-bronchitis evimbelayo isifo esiqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci ngenxa ye-lumen encinci ye-bronchi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Phantse njalo isifo sifana nentsholongwane yentsholongwane. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zomzimba, izinto ezifunekayo ekubunjweni kwesifo ngumkhwa wokuphendulela, ukuxhamla ukutshaya. Ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwesi sifo kuphazamisa abazali kwiimeko zesaba:
- ukukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal exhausted, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukuhlanza;
- ukuphefumula okukhulu nokuvuthayo ngomshuwalense;
- ukuhamba komzimba okungavumelekanga - nganye inhalation isifuba siyathukuthela, kwaye izikhefu phakathi kwezimbambo ziyahlaziywa.
Kukho nezinye iimpawu, xa ufuna ukukhawuleza uncedo kugqirha:
- ukubonakala kwe-dyspnea - ukuvakala kokuphefumla kuyanda ngaphantsi kwe-10% xa kuthelekiswa nokuqhelekileyo. Kubantwana abancinci, ukusuka kumnye ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, inani lokuphefumula-komoya kwi-bronchitis akufanele libe ngaphezu kwama-40 ngomzuzu. Ukuqwalasela ngcono xa ulele umntwana, kuba ngexesha lokuxhalaba, ukudlala, okanye ukukhala, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunokunxulumana neemvakalelo;
- Ukuqulunqwa kudibaniswa nokuxiliswa, okubonakalisa isisonguluko, umkhuhlane, ubuthathaka obukhulu kunye nokungabi nxilweni;
izikhonkwane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nexantathu ye-nasolabial - le miqondiso ibonisa ukungabikho okwaneleyo kokutya kwe-oksijeni.
Ukubonakalisa ngokukhawuleza i-crumb ukuya kugqirha kuyimfuneko kwaye xa ukuphazamiseka kubonakala kumntwana ongaphantsi konyaka omnye. Kuzo zonke ezi meko, kungenzeka ukuba ezifuna esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, umama kufuneka belulungele. Kodwa ukuba nephika kwenzeka le nto yenzekayo njengesiqhelo, asimele ngoyaba ugqirha kuxilongwa ngokuthe rhoqo - uya kuva nokuphonononga nemiqhathane, ukunyenyisa umthamo amayeza, ukunika amacebiso aluncedo kukhathalelo kunye nonyango.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvinjwa ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ekuqaleni kwe-asthma ye-bronchial, kwaye phantsi kwe-bronchitis pneumonia inokuphela!
I-bronchitis yokugula emntwaneni
Esi sifo kwenzeka ngokungathi kwiintsholongwane, ingakumbi staphylococcus, kwaye uba ngenxa kokuhlaselwa ialeji - umungu, uthuli, uboya, iikati okanye nezinja. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abaselula kunzima ukwahlula komzimba nephika isifuba, bronchospasm ngenxa yokuba ivezwe ngokucacileyo. Uphawu oluphambili lukhuhlane olungapheliyo oludla ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yokusebenza ngokomzimba kunye nemvakalelo emibi. Isiqhamo somileyo somile kwaye sibuhlungu, kamva singaba semanzi, kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo sihlaba umntwana ebusuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu buhlala buqhelekileyo, umntwana uyaxhatshazwa kuphela ngobuthathaka nokukhupha. Ukubuyiselwa kwesi sifo kunokuphindwa kabini ngenyanga. Isikhathi sesifo - ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Akumangalisi, usana abaphethwe, umzekelo, Andidibani ikati wakhe oyintanda, xa eshiya indlu zonke iimpawu zesi sifo shwaka ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Kwiyesithathu sezigulane, i-bronchitis ye-allergen iyakwazi ukungena kwi-asthma.
Unyango lwe-bronchitis kubantwana
Uninzi unina uyaqiniseka ukuba akunakukwazi ukujamelana ne-bronchitis ngaphandle kwamayeza. Enyanisweni, njengawo nawuphi na isifo se-virus, izidakamizwa ze-bronchitis azisebenzi. Zisebenza kuphela kwezinye iimeko, eziza kuqwalaselwa kamva. Yintoni eya kunceda umntwana abhekane nesifo?
1. Isiselo esininzi - i-sputum iyahluthwa kwaye ilula ukuyicima, ngaphandle kokumisa kwiindonga ze-bronchi;
2. I-Antipyretics kumaqondo ashushu ngaphezulu kwe-38 degrees;
3. Umswakama kwigumbi lezingane kufuneka ubuncinane i-70%, kwaye ukushisa akufanele kudlule i-20-21 degree. Igumbi kufuneka lihlale liphefumle, ukucoca okumanzi kwenziwe, izixhobo zokuhlaziywa zingasetyenziswa;
4. Umoya omtsha kwisigulane kuyimfuneko nje. Kwisigaba esichukumisayo, ungathatha umntwana ebhaleni, nangona kukho ithuba elinjalo, ulungele ukulala kwimihla kuyo. Kamva, xa iqondo lokushisa lichithwa, luncedo ukuthatha umntwana ngaphandle ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
5. Amachiza ahlaziya i-sputum kwaye akhuthaze ukuhoxiswa kwawo, kufuneka akhethe ugqirha. Inyani kukuba nguye kuphela onokuqwalasela yonke into engozi yobungozi. Umzekelo, mucolytics, eyenza phlegm viscous yaye negalelo ukubhobhoza kwayo, kunokubangela kubantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emibini kunye neengxaki ezinkulu - ukuba nje nako ukuba balahle isixa esikhulu yencindi yomlomo, kwaye oluhlala emiphungeni. Enoba ukufunwa kwamanzi kuyimfuneko - ugqirha uya kukwenza isigqibo, kwaye uya kukhetha ukulungiselela okufanelekileyo.
Unyango oluphambili lwe-bronchitis lukhokelo ezintathu:
- ukulahla ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu;
- ukususwa kwe-edema ye-bronchi kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwabo kwi-sputum;
- ulwe nentsholongwane.
Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula kwesibonakaliso sokuphefumula umlinganiselo omkhulu we-fluid accumulated. Kule meko, ugqirha, onikezelwe ngumntwana womntwana, ubeka inhalation, iinkqubo ze-physiotherapy, i-massage yokwelapha. Umama unokunceda imbuzi ngokufudumala, ukufudumala ngetyuwa okanye buckwheat. Well inceda compress ngeoli yemifuno ngokufudumeleyo - kuyimfuneko ukuba yokunyakamisa marlechku, aliqhawule waza wambeka kwicala lasekunene incum kunye umva wosana olo. Gubungela phezulu nge-cellophane, uluhlu loboya bekotoni uze uqine nge-bandage okanye impahla. Yenza ngcono i-compress ebusuku kwaye kuphela ekungabikho komkhuhlane.
Nceda nceda! I-Gorchikniki kunye neebhanki zinqatshelwe ngokusesikweni abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-5 iminyaka, kwaye ukuba kukho ukushisa okuphezulu!
Ugqirha uya kukhetha iiphakheji ezintle kakhulu, kwaye uMama uya kulandela ngokucacileyo iziphakamiso zakhe.
Ingaba i-antibiotics isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-bronchitis kubantwana
Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics kuchanekile kwaye kufuneke. Ugqirha uchaza la mayeza ukuba:
- ubushushu buhlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezine;
- I-sputum enobuchule ikhoyo;
- Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokuphuculwa kwexeshana kunye nonyango kumntwana, ukushisa okubukhali obutsha kugxuma kunye nokubonakalisa iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ubukho benkqubo yokuvuvukala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo amayeza omzimba anqunywe ukuba aqhube kwiinyanga ezintandathu, aphethwe yi-bronchiolitis, kunye nabantwana abaneempawu ze-bactric bronchitis.
Ukuthintela i-bronchitis kubantwana
Nasiphi na isigulo esoloko singcono ukusixwayisa, kunokuba ubude kwaye buhlungu ukunyanga. Kukhona imithetho elula eya kunceda ukuphepha isifo esingathandekiyo nangesinye isikhathi esiyingozi:
- kwigumbi apho umntwana, ukutshaya akuvumelekanga;
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukubeka iliso ngobumpofu emoyeni kwigumbi kwaye ukhusele ukubonakala kobukhali obukhali kuyo;
- Ukucutha umntwana, ungayifaki, ukunciphisa isifo se-ARVI ukuya kuncinci;
- jonga ukubonelela kokuphefumla komzimba, ukulwa nomphumo wexesha elide. Ukuba ugqirha ucebisa ukuba kususwe i-adenoids-kuyafaneleka ukuphulaphula iziphakamiso;
ukuphumla kwabantwana abaphezulu kunye nokuphucula uhambo olwandle kukhuthaze ukuqiniswa kwe-immunity kunye nokubeka umqobo phambi kwezifo ezingathandekiyo.
Yintoni uDkt. Komarovsky athi ngayo nge-bronchitis kubantwana
Kwi-99% yamatyala, i-bronchitis yintsholongwane yentsholongwane, unyango olungenalo ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics. Kwaye kuphela i-1% ibhaktrakthi ye-bhakteria, kwisitatimenti sokuxilongwa apho akunakwenzeka ukwenza iphutha. I-bronchitis eqhelekileyo iphathwa ngokuqhelekileyo - isiselo esifudumeleyo, ukuphumla kombhede, ukungenisa izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Imfuno eyona mfuneko kukungavumeleki kokuzonyango, amayeza afanelekileyo kufuneka amiselwe ngugqirha. Isiphumo sesifo kunye nezindlela zokukhusela zizenzeke ezizodwa zenziwa ngabazali, kwaye unyango kugqirha kufuneka lufike ngexesha.