Izizathu zokukhwehlela kwintsana
Ngokuqhelekileyo (kwi-90% yamatyala) ukukhwehlela kubantwana kuyimpawu yezifo eziphefumulayo zentsholongwane yentsholongwane (ARVI). Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo esosulelayo-ukudumba ukuba eyendayo eliphezulu (impumlo, nasopharynx, oropharynx) kunye kwisiqwenga ukungaphefumli (kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho, bronchi, emiphungeni).
Enye imbangela yokukhwehlela kubantwana ingaba ukuvuvukala kwamalungu e-ENT (iipumlo, i-paranasal sinuses, pharynx), ubukho bama-adenoids (ukwanda kwinqanaba le-pharyngeal).
Isikhumba esinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zeklinikhi ze-asthma. Esi sifo, ukukhwehlela kungalingana nokuhlaselwa kwesifo.
Ukukhwehlela ngokukhawuleza kwintsana kunokuba ngumqondiso wokubongoza umzimba wangaphandle kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, leyo ibangela ingozi ebomini yobomi kwaye ifuna ukungenelela kwangonyango.
Ukukhupha umntwana kungabangelwa zizifo ezingahambelani nomoya wokuphefumula. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuvela kubantwana abaneziphene zentliziyo okanye izifo zesisu.
Isizathu sokuphuhliswa kokukhwehlela kwiintsana sinokuba yinkxalabo ephezulu yezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni (ukungcola kwegesi, ubukho bentambo yengqumbo), kunye nomoya owomileyo kunye nokugqithisa umoya ngaphakathi kwigumbi.
Phakathi ezinqabileyo kokukhona ubalisa izinto psychogenic (reflex) ukukhohlela, ezivela, umzekelo, i-ngezifo yoVandlakanyo meatus eziviwayo (cerumen) nendlebe eliphakathi (ukuba ukudumba).
Isizathu somkhuhlane owomileyo, apho inani le-sputum lingabalulekanga, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula (pharynx, larynx, trachea). Ukukhwehlela okunjalo kunokunyaniseka kwaye kubuhlungu.
Ngokuqhaqhazela kwe-trachea, ukukhwehlela kukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, kunqamle (njengomgqomo). Uhlobo olukhethileyo lokukhwehlela oomileyo - ukukhwehlela okugqumayo okwenzeka ngokugqabhuka kwe-larynx - laryngitis. Ingxaki enzulu yesi sifo ingaba nesitoliyx, okanye i-croup yamanga - ukuxubha ngokukhawuleza kwe-lumen yecandelo lokuphefumula eliphezulu ngenxa ye-edema ye-membrane ye-mucous. Kule meko, umntwana uyanzima ukuphefumula: umoya awunangena emphefumlweni wokuphefumula. Ngoko ke, ukukhwehlela kwe-sonorous ehlala ixesha elide, ukunyameka kwezwi kumntwana kufuneka kube yisizathu sokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza nogqirha.
Ukukhwehlela okumanzi kuvela xa i-sputum ibonakala. Uninzi lwe-sputum ococekileyo ucofa lula - kunye nomkhwehlela ophezulu, ngoxa umlenze ogqithiseleyo kunye neentlone ngakumbi zifuna umzamo omkhulu; ukukhwehlela kule meko kuya kuba ngakumbi. Emva kokukhupha, ukuhlaselwa kokukhwehlela kuvame ukuyeka, kwaye emva kokuba ukuqokelela kwayo kuqala kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha ngokubanda abantwana baqala ukukhwehlela ekuseni. Ezi zihombo ezimfutshane azifanele zikhathaze abazali: zivela ngenxa yokuba i-mucus ephuma empumlweni iphuma kwi-respiratory tract, elapha ngezantsi.
Ekuqaleni kuka-SARS okanye bronchitis etsolo, ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe iba manzi ngexesha iintsuku 2-3, kunye nomntwana egulayo liqalisa ukukhohlela kakuhle - oku yikhosi ngokwendalo sifo, kwaye recovery kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe. Nayiphi eziya zisiba mbi imeko yomntwana ngexesha xa Ukhohlokhohlo iba manzi kufuneka sibe nenkxalabo abazali kusebenza namkhusane ukuya kwagqirha ixesha iyaluthintela uphuhliso iingxaki.
Ukukhwehlela kukhula njani kwintsana?
Igalelo lalo naluphi na umonakalo (zombini osulelekileyo kunye nolususulelayo) kwiimbumba zamathumbu okuphefumula kubangela ukuvuvukala okukhulu. Ngelo xesha, inani kunye nommandla wokusasazeka kweeseli ezivelisa i-sputum zanda kakhulu. Ubuninzi bendawo kunye ne-viscosity yanda, ebangela ukungasebenzi kakubi kwi-mucus kunye nobunzima ekuzimele. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhwehlela kukhula, indima yomzimba equlethwe ekuhlambuleni umphefumlo wokuphefumula kuyo yonke into eqokelela kuyo.
Ukuvuvukala kwimbumba yamathambo yendlela yokuphefumula ihlala ihamba kunye nokuncipha komsebenzi wokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, kunye nemiphunga. Umzimba womntwana ogulayo akafumani i-oksijini eyaneleyo, ekhokelela ekuphazamiseni iinkqubo ezininzi zokuxuba. Ukukhusela i-immunological yendawo yokuphefumula kuncitshisiwe, kwaye oku kubangelwa inkqubo eqhubekayo yenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwaye inokubangela ukuba kulandelwe ixesha.
Xa ukukhwehlela kuyingozi kubantwana:
- ngokukhawuleza ivela kwaye ingapheli;
- ngevili, ekwazi ukuvakala kude;
- busuku, i-paroxysmal;
- kunye nokuxutyushwa kwegazi;
- ngezohlaza;
- phuhliswa ngokusuka kwimvelaphi ye-ARVI, kwaye ihlala ngaphezu kweeyure ze-3-x.
Funa uncedo lwezempilo olukhawulezayo. Uviwo olujulile lomntwana luboniswa.
Ukufowunelwa ngokukhawuleza kukagqirha, kunye nezibonakaliso ezincinci zesifo, kuyimfuneko kubo bonke abantwana ukuya kunyaka, abantwana abanezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokuba umntwana unomkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kwe38 ° C) okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane.
Indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane kwintsana
Ukunyangwa kwesifo esihambisana nesibhobho kumntwana kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Ulwaphulo kufuneka luqaliswe kwisibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo.
Ulawulo lomntwana ogulayo kufuneka lube lunyame, nangona kunjalo, akuyimfuneko ukukhawulela ngokukodwa umsebenzi weemoto zesigulane esincinane. Iimfudu ziphucula ukuhlanjululwa kwe-bronchi kwi-mucus eqokelelweyo, ukukhawuleza ukubuyiswa. Ukuba umntwana ufuna ukudlala - ukudlala naye kunye, ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele kube yimidlalo ekhutheleyo, kuyakhethwa kwimidlalo enokuthula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthabatha umntwana webele ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezandleni, ngokukhawuleza ukukhangela emveni. Ukuhlawula iintsana kuya kuba yinkqubo efanelekileyo.
Ukutya kufuneka kube mnene. Ukuba umntwana unqabile ukutya - musa ukuyinyanzela, kodwa unikele ukukhanya, kodwa ukutya okuphezulu-khalori: i-jelly, i-jelly, i-milkshake efudumeleyo, isiqhamo se-puree. Akunandaba nokuba iintsuku ze-2-3 zentsana zidla ngaphantsi kokuqhelekileyo. Kodwa kufuneka uphuze kakhulu. Umbane uphucula ukukhutshwa kweetekisi emzimbeni, kuququzelela ukuhlengahlengiswa nokususwa kwe-sputum. Lungiselela iziphuzo ezizithandayo zomntwana, amajezi, bamema ukuba basele kumbhobho ongeyonto wokuhlamba okanye nge-straw, ukudlala, amanzi umntwana.
Iindlela eziphambili zokunyanga ukukhwehlela kwiintsana ezine-ARVI ziyizinyathelo ezijoliswe ekunyameni kunye nokususwa kwe-sputum.
Ukuze ubaleke kakuhle kwe-phlegm, kufuneka uyenze ulungele umoya endaweni apho umntwana ekhona. Kwixesha elibandayo egumbini elinokufudumala phakathi kwebhetri, unokufaka ithawula emanzi okanye iphepha. Kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa umbane othethekileyo-umgqugquzeli womoya.
Ngoku kukho ukhetho oluninzi lwamachiza anceda ukunciphisa i-viscosity (izidakamizwa ze-mucolytic) kunye nokuphucula i-expectoration (expectorants) ye-phlegm.
Xa ukhohlela ebantwaneni, kubonakala phezu imvelaphi SARS unako recommended expectorants yezityalo imvelaphi: broths unina kunye nomnye umama, nerosemary, Elecampane (zilungele emanzini amanzi ngokwemiyalelo), black juice isithombo nobusi, ijusi ngeplantain, luthathe anise iziqhamo kunye ayo. Iqela Ketoy luquka amachiza Thermopsis, marshmallow, licorice,-oyile ezibalulekileyo. ukuzabalaza kakuhle iziyobisi ngamagqabi ivy (walala GEDELIKS). Umgaqo esebenzayo zidweliswe amayeza esintu sezakhi kunye saponins - izinto ngokwenza yencindi inyumoniya ulwelo ngakumbi, ukwandisa imali yawo, ukwandisa yindibanisela bronchi nokuququzelela expectoration.
Kodwa musa ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kunye nokukwazi ukulungiselela amacembe. Isenzo sazo sifutshane, amayeza amancinci ambalwa afunekayo, tk. ukwanda kwinani elilodwa kubangela ukucabangela kunye nokuhlanza. Ukongezelela, iziyobisi kweli qela zinokunyusa kakhulu inani le-sputum ukuba abantwana abancinci abanako ukuzimela, okukhokelela ekuphazanyisweni okukhulu komsebenzi wamanzi we-bronchi.
Inhalation
Kwizonyango zabantwana, kwinkqubo eyinkathazo yezifo ezihamba kunye nokukhwehlela, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa iziyobisi. Ngoko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamacwecwe kunye ne-syrups ixesha elide kunyango lwe-respiratory system inhalation isetyenziswe. Ngexesha inhalation, kukho nefuthe ngqo ichiza phezu isifo ye phecana yokuphefumla, izihlunu bokuphefumla kwalapho, nto leyo inegalelo yokunyibilika isikhohlela, yehlisa bronchospasm, ukukhohlela ingxabano. Ukunyuswa kwe-steam yindlela elula kunye neyona ndlela ephumelelayo yonyango engenziwa ekhaya. Ukunyuswa kwe-Steam kuyasebenza kuphela kwizifo zendlela yokuphefumula. Ekubeni inhalation sodium yesoda (ukubhaka soda; amanzi ilitha e 1 4 iitispuni) okanye uhlobo amanzi ezimbiwa obrak "Borjomi" uncedo balala emqokozweni, ukhohlokhohlo izenzo ebantwaneni.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ngokungqongqo imilinganiselo yokukhusela xa usenza inhalation, ungashiyi umntwana engalindelekanga.
Ukuhlambalaza iintsana
Kwiinkqubo ezinzima zokwenza umkhuhlane kubantwana ekhaya, ukucoca umzimba ngokucokisekileyo kungacetyiswa (ukwenzela ukuphucula ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-sputum, ukuthayipha, ukunyakaza ukunyuka kubaluleke kakhulu) kunye nemimandla ye-reflexogenic (umzekelo, iinyawo). Ukuxilisa ngebhasam yemifuno (I-DOCTOR MOM, BRONCHIKUM) iya kwandisa ukuphumelela kwayo.
Ukuthintela ukukhwehlela kwintsana
Ukuba umntwana uyagula kunye njengomkhuhlane kunqabile kuyimfuneko ukuze kwehle. Kufuneka uqale lukhuni ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yobomi. maqula Air, yonyango ngamanzi kunokuba luncedo kakhulu itakane. Musa shushu ngokugqithisileyo umntwana, musani alinxibe ezininzi abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo. Ukuba imvuthuluka iinyawo kunye neentende owomileyo nefudumeleyo - iingubo ezikhethiweyo ngokuchanekileyo. ngempumelelo kakhulu imilenze ukuwucima imihla umntwana ngamanzi Andaman. Summer run luncedo engceni zihlangu nobusika Xolani emanzini anetyuwa (1 itispuni yetyuwa neelitha zamanzi ashushu nganye), oko cofa kakuhle phantsi kunye nesilili - ukuvumela umntwana ezifana kwayo, uze tipakani unyawo. Impembelelo unyawo imimandla reflex ivuselela kwamajoni omzimba. Nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka bachitha phandle ixesha elide.
Musa ukutshaya ebusweni bomntwana!
Kwixesha elibandayo, ngexesha lokusasazeka kweentsholongwane zentsholongwane, zama ukutyelela iziganeko ezininzi. Ukuba umntu osapho uyagula - kunqweneleka ukuhlukanisa isigulane, qiniseka ukumnika isidlo esahlukileyo. Ukuba ukuhlukana kungenakwenzeka, qha ga mshelana nomntwana kufuneka agqoke ibhanti ye-gauze.
Ukutya okugqibeleleyo kwabantwana ukuya kunyaka, izithambile ezizityebi, kuya kuqinisa impilo yomntwana wakho. Ebusika nasentwasahlobo, iintsana ziya kuba ne-2-3 yenyanga nganye yee-multivitamines nge-macro and microelements. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana abagulayo, kunye nabo bonke abantwana ngexesha lokungcipheka komngcipheko we-ARVI unokuncoma ukusebenzisa imveliso yemveliso eqinisa ukukhuselwa komzimba.
Xa into ethile kukunika ithuba ukomeleza amajoni omzimba umntwana ngoncedo iziyobisi ezifana Derinat imveliso yasekhaya. Eli chiza iqulethe isixa amancinane amachiza, kodwa iyasebenza kakhulu yaye ngokukhawuleza kubangela ukwanda yomzimba imveliso ngayo interferon - kletok- "ababulali", leyo zinqanda ukukhula ezibangela izifo, ezivame unobangela njengomkhuhlane ebantwaneni. Derinat Kulula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa - ngemini eziliqela, wafihlwa impumlo womntwana, njengamathontsi eqhelekileyo; ukuba ukunyamezeleka kakuhle kwaye isetyenziswa ekuthinteleni mihla abantwana kunye nonyango abantwana ukususela kwimini yokuqala ebomini babo.